粘接是不同資料界面間接觸后互相作用的結(jié)果，被粘物與粘料的界面張力、外表自在能、官能基團(tuán)性質(zhì)、界面間反響等都影響膠接，特別是雙組份打膠機(jī)的膠粘劑更是如此。以下引見(jiàn)幾個(gè)方面的粘接作用機(jī)理。這些膠黏劑的粘合機(jī)理，關(guān)于我們雙組份打膠機(jī)廠家在處理研討附著力的問(wèn)題有很大借鑒作用。
Adhesion is the result of the interaction between different data interfaces. The interfacial tension between the adhesives and the adhesives, the appearance self-function, the properties of functional groups, the interfacial reaction and so on all affect the bonding, especially the adhesive of the two-component punching machine. The following are some aspects of the bonding mechanism. The bonding mechanism of these adhesives is of great self-creation in dealing with the problem of adhesion of our two-component gluer manufacturer.
一、吸附理論
I. Adsorption Theory
人們把固體對(duì)膠粘劑的吸附看成是膠接主要緣由的理論，稱為膠接的吸附理論。理論以為：粘接力的主要來(lái)源是粘接體系的分子作用力，即范德化引力和氫鍵力。膠粘與被粘物外表的粘接力與吸附力具有某種相同的性質(zhì)。膠粘劑分子與被粘物外表分子的作用過(guò)程有兩個(gè)過(guò)程：
The theory of adsorbing adhesives by solids is regarded as the main reason of bonding, which is called the theory of adsorbing adhesives. According to the theory, the main source of bonding force is the molecular force of the bonding system, that is, van der Waals gravity and hydrogen bonding force. Adhesion and adsorptive force have the same properties as the external adhesion and adsorptive force of the adhesives. There are two processes in the interaction between the adhesive molecule and the surface molecule of the adhesives.
階段是液體膠粘劑分子借助于布朗運(yùn)意向被粘物外表擴(kuò)散，使兩界面的極性基團(tuán)或鏈節(jié)互相靠近。在此過(guò)程中，升溫、施加接觸壓力和降低膠粘劑粘度等都有利于布朗運(yùn)動(dòng)增強(qiáng)。
In the first stage, the molecules of liquid adhesives are diffused by the surface of the adhesives by means of Brownian transport intention, so that the polar groups or chains of the two interfaces are close to each other. In this process, heating, applying contact pressure and reducing the viscosity of adhesives are beneficial to the enhancement of Brownian motion.
第二階段是吸附力的產(chǎn)生。當(dāng)膠粘劑與被粘物分子間的間隔到達(dá)5-10?時(shí)，界面分子之間便產(chǎn)生互相吸收力，使分子間的間隔進(jìn)一步縮短四處于大穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。
The second stage is the generation of adsorption force. When the interval between the adhesives and the adhesives reaches 5-10?, the intermolecular absorption force will be generated, which will further shorten the interval between the molecules and make them in the maximum stable state.
膠粘劑的極性太高，有時(shí)分會(huì)嚴(yán)重阻礙潮濕過(guò)程的停止而降低粘接力。分子間作用力是提供粘接力的要素，但不是獨(dú)一要素。在某些特殊狀況下，其他要素也能起主導(dǎo)作用。
The polarity of the adhesives is too high, sometimes it will seriously hinder the stop of the wet process and reduce the bonding force. Intermolecular force is an essential factor in providing cohesion, but it is not the only one. In some special cases, other factors can also play a leading role.
二、化學(xué)鍵構(gòu)成理論
II. Theory of Chemical Bond Composition
化學(xué)鍵理論以為膠粘劑與被粘物分子之間除互相作用力外，有時(shí)還有化學(xué)鍵產(chǎn)生，例如硫化橡膠與鍍銅金屬的膠接界面、偶聯(lián)劑對(duì)膠接的作用、異氰酸酯對(duì)金屬與橡膠的膠接界面等的研討，均證明有化學(xué)鍵的生成。化學(xué)鍵的強(qiáng)度比范德華作用力高得多；化學(xué)鍵構(gòu)成不只能夠進(jìn)步粘附強(qiáng)度，還能夠克制脫附使膠接接頭毀壞的弊病。但化學(xué)鍵的構(gòu)成并不普遍，要構(gòu)成化學(xué)鍵必需滿足一定的條件，所以不可能做到使膠粘劑與被粘物之間的接觸點(diǎn)都構(gòu)成化學(xué)鍵。況且，單位粘附界面上化學(xué)鍵數(shù)要比分子間作用的數(shù)目少得多，因而粘附強(qiáng)度來(lái)自分子間的作用力是不可無(wú)視的。
Chemical bond theory holds that besides the interaction force between adhesives and the molecule of the adhesives, there are sometimes chemical bonds, such as the bonding interface between vulcanized rubber and copper-plated metal, the effect of coupling agent on bonding, and the bonding interface between metal and rubber by isocyanate. The strength of chemical bond is much higher than Van der Waals force; chemical bond composition can not only improve the adhesion strength, but also restrain the disadvantage of desorption which destroys the bonded joint. However, the chemical bond is not universal. To form a chemical bond, certain conditions must be met. Therefore, it is impossible to make the contact point between the adhesive and the adhesives form a chemical bond. Moreover, the number of chemical bonds per unit adhesion interface is much less than the number of intermolecular interactions, so the adhesion strength from intermolecular forces can not be ignored.

三、靜電理論
3. Electrostatic theory
當(dāng)膠粘劑和被粘物體系是一種電子的承受體-供應(yīng)體的組合方式時(shí)，電子會(huì)從供應(yīng)體（如金屬）轉(zhuǎn)移到承受體（如聚合物），在界面區(qū)兩側(cè)構(gòu)成了雙電層，從而產(chǎn)生了靜電引力。
When the adhesives and the adhesives are a combination of electron acceptors and suppliers, electrons will be transferred from the suppliers (such as metals) to the acceptors (such as polymers), forming a double layer on both sides of the interface region, thus generating electrostatic attraction.
在枯燥環(huán)境中從金屬外表快速剝離粘接膠層時(shí)，可用儀器或肉眼察看到放電的光、聲現(xiàn)象，證明了靜電作用的存在。但靜電作用僅存在于可以構(gòu)成雙電層的粘接體系，因而不具有普遍性。此外，有些學(xué)者指出：雙電層中的電荷密度必需到達(dá)1021電子/厘米2時(shí)，靜電吸收力才干對(duì)膠接強(qiáng)度產(chǎn)生較明顯的影響。而雙電層棲移電荷產(chǎn)生密度的大值只要1019電子/厘米2（有的以為只要1010-1011電子/厘米2）。因而，靜電力固然的確存在于某些特殊的粘接體系，但決不是起主導(dǎo)作用的要素。
In the dry environment, the light and sound phenomena of discharge can be observed by instrument or naked eye when the adhesive layer is rapidly peeled off from the metal surface, which proves the existence of electrostatic effect. However, the electrostatic effect only exists in the bonding system which can form a double layer, so it is not universal. In addition, some scholars pointed out that when the charge density in the electric double layer must reach 1021 electron/cm 2, the electrostatic absorption ability has a more obvious effect on the bonding strength. However, the maximum generation density of bipolar migration charge is only 1019 electrons/cm 2 (some think only 1010-1011 electrons/cm 2). Therefore, although electrostatic force does exist in some special bonding systems, it is by no means a dominant factor.
四、機(jī)械作用力理論
IV. MECHANICS FORCE THEORY
從物理化學(xué)觀念看，機(jī)械作用并不是產(chǎn)生粘接力的要素，而是增加粘接效果的一種辦法。膠粘劑浸透到被粘物外表的縫隙或凹凸之處，固化后在界面區(qū)產(chǎn)生了嚙合力，這些狀況相似釘子與木材的接合或樹(shù)根植入泥土的作用。機(jī)械銜接力的實(shí)質(zhì)是摩擦力。在粘合多孔資料、紙張、織物等時(shí)，機(jī)構(gòu)銜接力是很重要的，但對(duì)某些堅(jiān)實(shí)而潤(rùn)滑的外表，這種作用并不顯著。
From the viewpoint of physicochemistry, mechanical action is not a factor to produce bonding force, but a method to increase bonding effect. Adhesives soak into the cracks or bumps on the surface of the adhesives and produce meshing forces in the interface area after solidification, which are similar to the bonding of nails to wood or the effect of tree roots implanted into soil. The essence of mechanical cohesion is friction. Institutional cohesion is important in bonding porous materials, paper, fabrics, etc., but it is not significant for some solid and lubricated surfaces.
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